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Packages

What is a package?​

Software engineers frequently modularize code into libraries. These libraries help programmers operate with leverage: they can spend more time focusing on their unique business logic, and less time implementing code that someone else has already spent the time perfecting.

In dbt, libraries like these are called packages. dbt's packages are so powerful because so many of the analytic problems we encountered are shared across organizations, for example:

  • transforming data from a consistently structured SaaS dataset, for example:
  • writing dbt macros that perform similar functions, for example:
  • building models and macros for a particular tool used in your data stack, for example:
    • Models to understand Redshift privileges.
    • Macros to work with data loaded by Stitch.

dbt packages are in fact standalone dbt projects, with models and macros that tackle a specific problem area. As a dbt user, by adding a package to your project, the package's models and macros will become part of your own project. This means:

  • Models in the package will be materialized when you dbt run.
  • You can use ref in your own models to refer to models from the package.
  • You can use macros in the package in your own project.
Using Python packages

Defining and installing dbt packages is different from defining and installing Python packages.

How do I add a package to my project?​

  1. Add a packages.yml file to your dbt project. This should be at the same level as your dbt_project.yml file.
  2. Specify the package(s) you wish to add using one of the supported syntaxes, for example:
packages.yml
packages:
  - package: dbt-labs/snowplow
    version: 0.7.0

  - git: "https://github.com/dbt-labs/dbt-utils.git"
    revision: 0.9.2

  - local: /opt/dbt/redshift
▶Changelog
  1. Run dbt deps to install the package(s). Packages get installed in the dbt_packages directory – by default this directory is ignored by git, to avoid duplicating the source code for the package.

How do I specify a package?​

You can specify a package using one of the following methods, depending on where your package is stored.

dbt Hub is a registry for dbt packages. Packages that are listed on dbt Hub can be installed like so:

packages.yml
packages:
  - package: dbt-labs/snowplow
    version: 0.7.3 # version number

Hub packages require a version to be specified – you can find the latest release number on dbt Hub. Since Hub packages use semantic versioning, we recommend pinning your package to the latest patch version from a specific minor release, like so:

packages:
  - package: dbt-labs/snowplow
    version: [">=0.7.0", "<0.8.0"]

Where possible, we recommend installing packages via dbt Hub, since this allows dbt to handle duplicate dependencies. This is helpful in situations such as:

  • Your project uses both the dbt-utils and Snowplow packages; and the Snowplow package also uses the dbt-utils package.
  • Your project uses both the Snowplow and Stripe packages, both of which use the dbt-utils package.

In comparison, other package installation methods are unable to handle the duplicate dbt-utils package.

Prerelease versions​

▶Changelog

Some package maintainers may wish to push prerelease versions of packages to the dbt Hub, in order to test out new functionality or compatibility with a new version of dbt. A prerelease version is demarcated by a suffix, such as a1 (first alpha), b2 (second beta), or rc3 (third release candidate).

By default, dbt deps will not include prerelease versions when resolving package dependencies. You can enable the installation of prereleases in one of two ways:

  • Explicitly specifying a prerelease version in your version criteria
  • Setting install-prerelease to true, and providing a compatible version range

Both of the following configurations would successfully install 0.4.5a2 of dbt_artifacts:

packages:
  - package: brooklyn-data/dbt_artifacts
    version: 0.4.5a2
packages:
  - package: brooklyn-data/dbt_artifacts
    version: [">=0.4.4", "<0.4.6"]
    install-prerelease: true

Git packages​

Packages stored on a Git server can be installed using the git syntax, like so:

packages.yml
packages:
  - git: "https://github.com/dbt-labs/dbt-utils.git" # git URL
    revision: 0.9.2 # tag or branch name
▶Changelog

Add the Git URL for the package, and optionally specify a revision. The revision can be:

  • a branch name
  • a tagged release
  • a specific commit (full 40-character hash)

Example of a revision specifying a 40-character hash:

packages:
  - git: "https://github.com/dbt-labs/dbt-utils.git"
    revision: 4e28d6da126e2940d17f697de783a717f2503188

We strongly recommend "pinning" your package to a specific release by specifying a release name.

If you do not provide a revision, or if you use master, then any updates to the package will be incorporated into your project the next time you run dbt deps. While we generally try to avoid making breaking changes to these packages, they are sometimes unavoidable. Pinning a package revision helps prevent your code from changing without your explicit approval.

To find the latest release for a package, navigate to the Releases tab in the relevant GitHub repository. For example, you can find all of the releases for the dbt-utils package here.

As of v0.14.0, dbt will warn you if you install a package using the git syntax without specifying a version (see below).

Private packages​

SSH Key Method (Command Line only)​

If you're using the Command Line, private packages can be cloned via SSH and an SSH key.

When you use SSH keys to authenticate to your git remote server, you don’t need to supply your username and password each time. Read more about SSH keys, how to generate them, and how to add them to your git provider here: Github and GitLab.

packages.yml
packages:
  - git: "git@github.com:dbt-labs/dbt-utils.git" # git SSH URL

If you're using dbt Cloud, the SSH key method will not work, but you can use the HTTPS Git Token Method.

Git Token Method​

This method allows the user to clone via HTTPS by passing in a git token via an environment variable. Be careful of the expiration date of any token you use, as an expired token could cause a scheduled run to fail. Additionally, user tokens can create a challenge if the user ever loses access to a specific repo.

dbt Cloud Usage

If you are using dbt Cloud, you must adhere to the naming conventions for environment variables. Environment variables in dbt Cloud must be prefixed with either DBT_ or DBT_ENV_SECRET_. Environment variables keys are uppercased and case sensitive. When referencing {{env_var('DBT_KEY')}} in your project's code, the key must match exactly the variable defined in dbt Cloud's UI.

In GitHub:

packages.yml
packages:
  # use this format when accessing your repository via a github application token
  - git: "https://{{env_var('DBT_ENV_SECRET_GIT_CREDENTIAL')}}@github.com/dbt-labs/awesome_repo.git" # git HTTPS URL

  # use this format when accessing your repository via a classical personal access token
  - git: "https://{{env_var('DBT_ENV_SECRET_GIT_CREDENTIAL')}}@github.com/dbt-labs/awesome_repo.git" # git HTTPS URL
 
   # use this format when accessing your repository via a fine-grained personal access token (username sometimes required)
  - git: "https://GITHUB_USERNAME:{{env_var('DBT_ENV_SECRET_GIT_CREDENTIAL')}}@github.com/dbt-labs/awesome_repo.git" # git HTTPS URL

Read more about creating a GitHub Personal Access token here. You can also use a GitHub App installation token.

In GitLab:

packages.yml
packages:
  - git: "https://{{env_var('DBT_USER_NAME')}}:{{env_var('DBT_ENV_SECRET_DEPLOY_TOKEN')}}@gitlab.example.com/dbt-labs/awesome_project.git" # git HTTPS URL

Read more about creating a GitLab Deploy Token here and how to properly construct your HTTPS URL here. Deploy tokens can be managed by Maintainers only.

In Azure DevOps:

packages.yml
packages:
  - git: "https://{{env_var('DBT_ENV_SECRET_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN')}}@dev.azure.com/dbt-labs/awesome_project/_git/awesome_repo" # git HTTPS URL

Read more about creating a Personal Access Token here.

In Bitbucket:

packages.yml
packages:
  - git: "https://{{env_var('DBT_USER_NAME')}}:{{env_var('DBT_ENV_SECRET_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN')}}@bitbucketserver.com/scm/awesome_project/awesome_repo.git" # for Bitbucket Server

Read more about creating a Personal Access Token here.

Project subdirectories​

▶Changelog

In general, dbt expects dbt_project.yml to be located as a top-level file in a package. If the project is instead nested in a subdirectory—perhaps within a much larger monorepo—you can optionally specify the folder path as subdirectory. dbt will attempt a sparse checkout of just the files located within that subdirectory. Note that you must be using a recent version of git (>=2.26.0).

packages.yml
packages:
  - git: "https://github.com/dbt-labs/dbt-labs-experimental-features" # git URL
    subdirectory: "materialized-views" # name of subdirectory containing `dbt_project.yml`

Local packages​

Packages that you have stored locally can be installed by specifying the path to the project, like so:

packages.yml
packages:
  - local: /opt/dbt/redshift # use a local path

Local packages should only be used for specific situations, for example, when testing local changes to a package.

What packages are available?​

Check out dbt Hub to see the library of published dbt packages!

Advanced package configuration​

Updating a package​

When you update a version or revision in your packages.yml file, it isn't automatically updated in your dbt project. You should run dbt deps to update the package. You may also need to run a full refresh of the models in this package.

Uninstalling a package​

When you remove a package from your packages.yml file, it isn't automatically deleted from your dbt project, as it still exists in your dbt_packages/ directory. If you want to completely uninstall a package, you should either:

  • delete the package directory in dbt_packages/; or
  • run dbt clean to delete all packages (and any compiled models), followed by dbt deps.

Configuring packages​

You can configure the models and seeds in a package from the dbt_project.yml file, like so:

dbt_project.yml

vars:
  snowplow:
    'snowplow:timezone': 'America/New_York'
    'snowplow:page_ping_frequency': 10
    'snowplow:events': "{{ ref('sp_base_events') }}"
    'snowplow:context:web_page': "{{ ref('sp_base_web_page_context') }}"
    'snowplow:context:performance_timing': false
    'snowplow:context:useragent': false
    'snowplow:pass_through_columns': []

models:
  snowplow:
    +schema: snowplow

seeds:
  snowplow:
    +schema: snowplow_seeds

For example, when using a dataset specific package, you may need to configure variables for the names of the tables that contain your raw data.

Configurations made in your dbt_project.yml file will override any configurations in a package (either in the dbt_project.yml file of the package, or in config blocks).

Specifying unpinned Git packages​

If your project specifies an "unpinned" Git package, you may see a warning like:

The git package "https://github.com/dbt-labs/dbt-utils.git" is not pinned.
This can introduce breaking changes into your project without warning!

This warning can be silenced by setting warn-unpinned: false in the package specification. Note: This is not recommended.

packages.yml
packages:
  - git: https://github.com/dbt-labs/dbt-utils.git
    warn-unpinned: false

Setting two-part versions​

In dbt v0.17.0 only, if the package version you want is only specified as major.minor, as opposed to major.minor.patch, you may get an error that 1.0 is not of type 'string'. In that case you will have to tell dbt that your version number is a string. This issue was resolved in v0.17.1 and all subsequent versions.

packages.yml
packages:
 - git: https://github.com/dbt-labs/dbt-codegen.git
   version: "{{ 1.0 | as_text }}"
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